Techniques
Electrophysiology
I employ whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiological methods to record electrical signals from neurons in acute slice and cultured preparations. A combination of voltage-clamp and current-clamp recordings allow me to probe the intrinsic properties of different cell types and evaluate synaptic transmission & plasticity.
Microscopy
My research makes heavy use of fluorescent imaging to study individual neurons and the proteins inside of them. Using immuno-fluorescent techniques, I am able to label and observe the location and density of synaptic proteins. I use fluorescent viruses and retrograde tracers to conduct anatomical experiments that evaluate connectivity between brain regions.
Biochemistry
I use SDS PAGE and Western blotting techniques to assess the density and post-translational modifications of neuronal proteins. This allows me to evaluate the impact of administration of drugs of abuse and other behavioral interventions by comparing brain tissue collected from different groups of animals.
Behavior
I use a number of behavioral paradigms in mice and rats to evaluate learning & memory and responses to drugs of abuse such as alcohol and cocaine. Using operant conditioning, conditioned place preference tasks, and locomotor assays, I can assess drug-seeking behaviors and determine the behavioral consequences of drug use.
Research Projects
Selected as cover of J. Neuro (2014)
Protein Degradation & Plasticity
With funding from an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship, I completed several projects that explored how protein degradation systems support basic neuronal function and enable synaptic plasticity.
Scudder SL, Goo MS, Cartier AE, Molteni A, Schwarz LA, Wright R, Patrick GN. "Synaptic strength is bidirectionally controlled by opposing activity-dependent regulation of Nedd4-1 and USP8" J. Neuro, 2014.
Scudder SL & Patrick GN. "Synaptic structure and function are altered by the neddylation inhibitor MLN4924." Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience, 2015.
Scudder SL*, Gonzales FR*, Howell KK, Stein IS, Dozier LE, Anagnostaras SG, Zito K, Patrick GN. "Altered phosphorylation of the proteasome subunit Rpt6 has minimal impact on synaptic plasticity and learning." eNeuro, 2021. *Co-first authors
Synaptic Proteins & Disease
Through collaborations with other scientists in the Patrick laboratory and across UC San Diego, I helped characterize the involvement of cellular degradation pathways in disorders that are marked by synaptic dysfunction - Alzheimer's Disease and Sanfilippo Syndrome
Rodrigues EM, Scudder SL, Goo MS, Patrick GN. "Abeta-induced synaptic alterations require the E3 ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-1." J. Neuro, 2016.
Dwyer CA, Scudder SL, Lin Y, Dozier L, Phan D, Allen NJ, Patrick GN, Esko JD. "Neurodevelopmental changes in excitatory synaptic structure and function in the cerebral cortex of Sanfilippo Syndrome IIIA mice." Scientific Reports, 2017.
Selected as cover of J. Neuro (2016)
Selected as cover of J. Neuro (2018)
Striatal Circuitry & Plasticity
With support from a postdoctoral fellowship (NRSA) from the National Institute on Drug Abuse, I explored the local circuitry of the nucleus accumbens, a brain region critical for motivated behavior. This work elucidated the effects of repeated cocaine exposure on specific connections within this brain region
Scudder SL, Baimel C, Macdonald EE, Carter AG. "Hippocampal-evoked feedforward inhibition in the nucleus accumbens." J. Neuro, 2018.
Baimel C, Jang, E, Scudder SL, Manoocheri K, Carter AG. "Hippocampal input suppresses striatal cholinergic interneurons via feedforward inhibition." Cell Reports, 2022.